Young Dolah

Folded the time

2011-09-26T00:36:00.000-07:00

front of Jakarta Kota station, :)

Today is 25th September 2011, we are the three lion “bray” (called for three young lunatic guys from pekanbaru who learning in Bogor). So many funtastic smile printed from our face, lot of fun. Although folded lot energy, unpredictable time and sometimes breakthroug occuring but i thought that’s quite nice. From the first destination Sukabumi, then we visiting Cianjur, thel last Puncak (bogor)

From sukabumi we have time to go to Mochi Shop, kinds like food shop who sell japanesse cake.

but for the same time I also would like to adding few picture that already taken by us yesterday, just for exist, haha, ok, enjoy it.

we are be lunatic Model

uhm,, staying cool in a cold :p

three, two, one ,,, jump!!!

embarassing our self from other visitor, just steady :)

another flanky guys :D hahaha

expecting Im not single anymore from this one :D amin

eating ramen Noodle, feels like be Naruto san

wasting time in Istiqlal Mosque

Now check this out what we got from there.

another flank in laboratory

2011-09-15T18:58:00.000-07:00

today is 15th September 2011, there is a tiny family shaped on this laboratory, precisely Plant Breeding Biotechnology laboratory, IPB (bogor agricultural university). the sky was dark, cloud seems quite angry coz it doesn't brightened "us" anymore.
but 3 pm we are busy to making something unusual, cooking in the laboratory. i can feel their exhilaration, cheer, and everything. yes, today we are cooking a fried bread (sounds ridiculous but believe me, taste nice, haha).
there was me, mbak (mbak mean sis) fitry, mbak tia, mbak shandra, bg alpha, mas adul, and mas andra. these strange thing happen suddenly here in this laboratory.
in my mind i just thinking that i wouldn't able to leave this laboratory once day, but i will, and i can't hide my yearning, most top level yearning to them when the time came.
okey, forget it, today is today, and tomorrow is a mystery.
then one by one the food was finished, some of them were snatch away to take it, but i knew that was them. every second of those evening we passed by smile and tiny laughing, it's really describe who are us exactly. yups, we are student who far away from our family, our parent, we are trying to climb our own mount of life using our own path. we are trying to know each other by these moment. for second i was like forget my problem, the problem already sticking my mind since several days ago, about my mark in campus, then i couldn't apply for scholarship.

another part of IPB
every people knew that I'm trying to find my true one. they were just like mocking me everyday when a girl passed, or they knew but i didn't. but i know, that's one of sign show how they caring me, caring us each other very much.
on that moment i also met with really awesomeness young student, her name is shandra, she is one of master student in IPB, and she was very concern with sago, (because sagoo is her research for degree) and she continued to the master level.
she talking much about sagoo which me as origin young guys in sagoo's farm doesn't know much (maybe when I'm trying to compare it i have no idea what i have to urinate to her).

all those awesomeness thing happen on the same time, that is in the evening 15Th September 2011, that's is another part of laboratory. :D

my another sticky problem

basicly I have to considered again what is my aim to being here? let me tell you, I was arrived in Bogor in july, 16-2011. that was quite harsh think, very rush, but Im glad I got a chance like this. I was just like saying to my self that I'm a lucky guy.
dude, those picture is my activity everyday, that is what Im doing every morning, that picture showing to you how the way to me to harvest a chili, firstly I have to find the sample, then after all I have to harvest and next step is count it in laboratory (place we are cooking just). basicly it wasn't a problem, not at all till I just let it my data lying in my bag. like a timing bomb, be a huge trouble by it self unanimous with the time.

How Online Courses Can Benefit a Budding Entrepreneur

2011-09-13T01:05:00.000-07:00

We’re not all born with an innate sense for business. While some of us have been entrepreneurs our entire lives, many of us simply came up with a great idea one day or decided to turn our passions into a career. For those who haven’t been business minded their entire lives, this lack of knowledge and experience can often prove disastrous. Businesses fail when an owner doesn’t know enough about effective managing and basic finances.

However, just because you didn’t receive a bachelors in business or a MBA, doesn’t mean you can’t own a successful business. You can easily supplement your lack of experience by taking a few online courses to improve your skills as an entrepreneur.

Online courses allow you the opportunity to hone your skills at your own pace, and if being used for your business, can actually be written off. Higher education isn’t always a waste of time, and can actually make your business more successful by making you a better business person. A few types of courses worth investing in include:

Computer Courses

For an entrepreneur to be successful in this day and age, they need to be internet savvy. Not only does a business need a web page, but it also needs to have a blog and be on social networking sites. Over 90 percent of all consumers now research a company online prior to giving it their business so a business owner needs to be able to easily navigate the web if they wish to succeed. If you don’t understand the basics of SEO or web development, consider taking a couple of online courses that will help you grasp these concepts. Business is becoming more and more reliant on the web, and if you don’t know how to work with it, your business will most definitely suffer.

Accounting Courses

If you don’t know how to manage your money, your business will fail. There is no other way around it. Better yet, if your improperly manage your money, you risk being audited by the IRS which could also prove to be devastating for your business. If you are not used to managing multiple accounts or frequent transactions, take an accounting or finance course. Both beginner and advanced accounting courses should be considered as they will teach you the ins and outs of balance sheets and profit and loss statements so that you can better manage your business’ funds and create accurate financial goals.

Basic Business Management

To the natural entrepreneur, business management may seem almost preternatural, however, any business person can benefit from a business management course. Through these types of online courses, you can learn better ways to interact with employees and clients, improve business operations, and streamlining your business’ overall functioning. Effectively managing a business on your own isn’t always easy, and if you have little to no experience doing so, you could easily lose a grasp on your business which could be fatal. Don’t risk failure because of improper management. Take a class instead.

The key to success with any endeavor is always knowledge. If you don’t know how to effectively run a business, you aren’t going to have a successful one. You have placed hard earned money and vast amounts of energy into getting your business off the ground. Don’t let your investment go to waste simply because you knew too little. There are several educational resources available to help you become a successful entrepreneur including online courses. Consider enrolling in a few computer and business courses. It may just be the best investment you ever made for your business.

About the author: Nathaniel Broughton is an Internet entrepreneur and investor who has served as a driving force behind three Inc. 500 companies since 2002. He is currently CEO of Growth Partner, a unique firm that provides angel investment and online marketing expertise to emerging companies. He previously served as chief marketing officer of VAMortgageCenter.com, the nation’s leading VA purchase lender.

lets be professional

2011-09-07T18:56:00.000-07:00

pada awalnya saya sangat excited bisa naik kereta listrik, bahkan selama lebaran berkali kali kita (saya, bg andra dan bg alpha) naik kereta hanya untuk sekedar jalan jalan ke bogor. sampai pada suatu waktu saya mengalamai kasus yang sangat terrible banged, yaitu terjepit pintu kereta api.
namun permasalahnnya adalah bukan pas saya terjepit pintu tapi yang saya fikirkan adalah bagaimana bisa sistem perkereta api an di jakarta ini?
ayo kita perhatikan satu persatu masalah ini. dari sisi kereta yang bergerak, sudah bukan rahasia umum lagi bahwa semua kereta yang kita pakai adalah kereta bekas dari negeri yang pernah menjajah kita dengan sangat kejam, yaitu jepang, but guys masalahnya bukan kita dendam pernah di jajah, tapi lebih karena sampai saat ini kita masih saja di jajah. sampain kapan guys.

selanjutnya dari sisi kenyamanan, semua telah di abaikan. indonesia dengan segala kekayaan alam terus saja terpuruk dalam kemiskinan dan segala kekurangan. mugnkin karena kekurangan itulah yang membuat sifat dan tingkah polah masyarakat kita berubah total, dari yang dikenal sebagai masyarakat yang santung dan cinta damai namun ketika naik kereta berjubel dan tidak ada kata sopan sama sekali, egois. apakah ini yang dicita citakan oleh masyarakat dunia dengan sebuah sistem yang dinamakan kota. kota boleh ramai tapi jangan semrawut, boleh ramai tapi jangan anarkis.

saat ini malaysia, thailand, singapura, bahkan filipina dan india telah mempunyai MRT yang sangat canggih , nah kita apa? bus seliweran, ngetem "ngangkangi" jalan sembarangan, sistem MRT yang digaungkan tak kunjung tiba.

pada saat itu saya dari tebet naik kereta ke bogor, dari tebet kereta mampir dan saya dengan percaya diri masuk ke gerbong, lalu dengan tiba tiba tanpa aba aba pintu nya tertutup secepat kilat, lalu saya putusin keluar dari gerbong, tapi kaki saya terjepit. rasanya sangat ngerin ketika saya bayanging hal tersebut, untung saja bisa terlepas dari jepitan pintu itu. nah, yang saya takutkan andai yang terjepit itu adalah ibu ibu, atau orang tua, atau bahkan anak kecil dan tidak ada yang tau. bukankah nyawa taruhannya.

bagaimana bisa jika hanya mengurusi kereta yang telah nyata saja tidak profesional mau membangun MRT?

catatan kecil untuk negeri

2011-09-07T01:01:00.000-07:00

Indonesia, sebuah negara yang sangat besar dengan masyarakat yang sangat heterogen, perbedaan menjadi kekayaan negeri ini, persatuan adalah harga mati yang harus dipertahankan. lalu apa yang membuat masyarakat indonesia menjadi bangga dengan negeri (nya) ini sehingga mereka harus mempertahankan kecintaan akan sebuah negara bernama Indonesia?
ayo kita kunjungi korea, negeri ginseng ini sedang berkembang pesat mengalahkan rival tetangganya yaitu jepang. korea sedang menyongsong menjadi negara berbasis teknologi dan industri yang canggih, masyarakat korea pantas berbangga dengan apa yang telah mereka raih dengan produk mobil hyundai dan KIA serta provider telekomunikasi yang saat menjadi world best gadget SAMSUNG. bahkan menurut sebuah sumber yang saya baca papan iklan di korea itu dipenuhi oleh produk lokal dan masyarakat korea gemar untuk memakai produk lokal mereka, lalu bagaimana dengan anda?

selanjutnya mari kita kunjungi negeri tetangga kita malaysia, produk malaysia yang saat ini terus penetrasi di pasar indonesia adalah proton, mobil nasional malayasia. proton merupakan mobil pabrikan malaysia yang saat ini terus berkembang dan menjadi kebanggaan masyarakat negeri tetangga itu.
itu adalah contoh kecil beberapa masyarakat negara yang menjadikan mereka cinta dan bangga dengan negaranya. lalu bagaimana dengan indonesia?
tentu akan sakit kepala kita jika kita mencoba untuk masuk dan memahami masalah demi masalah di indonesia. dari semua sistem pertelevisian di indonesia masalah akan menjadi bahan konsumsi masyarakat. satu satunya kebanggaan masyarakat indonesia yang menentramkan adalah ketika TIMNAS bertanding dan memenangkan pertandingan. lalu bagaimana jika timnas indonesia kalah? budaya yang aling gampang menghinggapi kita adalah budaya saling menyalahkan dan mencari alasan untuk tidak mau disalahkan.
sungguh sebuah kebanggaan ketika indonesia mampu menembus fase grup pra piala dunia ketika mampu mengalahkan turkmenistan, namun sungguh sangat menyakitkan ketika indonesia gagal 2 kali dalam pertandinagn melawana iran dan bahrain, dan saat ini posisi indonesia yang terdampar ke posisi juru kunci.
sekali lagi satu satunya kebangga kita adalah ketika timnas mampu bermain baik melawan lawan lawannya.

Ramadhan time

2011-07-31T07:08:00.000-07:00

First day facing ramadhan (Islamic fasting month) without family quite made me sad, cant hide my yearning to them, eventhough just arrived but i feel its already long time to be here. Im trying to adapt as fast as i can but its really hard, they were not i expected before, some of them are kind but not little of them are quite hard to communicate.

Buddy, if you dont know what ramadhan is let me explain it to you, Ramadan -a month of obligatory daily fasting in Islam is the ninth month in the Islamic lunar calendar. Daily fasts begin at dawn and end with sunset. Special nightly prayers called, Taraweeh prayers are held. The entire Quran is recited in these prayers in Mosques all around the world. This month provides an opportunity for Muslims to get closer to God

Ramadan ends with a day long celebration known as Eidul-Fitr. Eidul-Fitr begins with a special morning prayer in grand Mosques and open grounds of towns and cities of the world. the prayer is attended by men, women and children with their new or best clothes. A special charity, known as Zakatul-Fitr is given out prior to the prayer. The rest of the day is spent in visiting relatives and friends, giving gifts to children and eating.

And it just beginning of Ramadan, whole of my life I never held my Eidul-fitr alone, certainly i will back to my home town to gather with my familly, but not for this year, i will far away with them. I just try not too imagine when the exact clock at that time, one thing really sure, i will call my mom in the early Eidul-fitr and i will crying, yups crying left our habitual moment with them. But this is life, i just try to convince my self that i was 20 years old, im not kid anymore, i prefer to be a good person as a man.

First taraweeh

This night i was did my taraweeh with the moslem people in bogor, esp in Cibanting, one of village in bogor. But one thing made me so impression that is the way they did taraweeh so different with our tarawih in Bengkalis, esp in my village, and so crowded, far from comfortable. Instead it was really cold, but im trying to devoted when praying. And its just beginning, i don’t know what would be happen for next thirty days tarawee on the condition like that.

Really nice experience, i just hope that this Ramadhan will be impression ramadhan for me, amin y rab

One thing that i really wish for this ramadhan, that is i want to continue my study goes to japan, my parent said when ramadhan time, Insya Allah all our wish, when we beg really my deep heart will be come true, amin.

Thanks for read my blog

Sincerely Anggi Ramadhan

Ancol, beyond Imagination

2011-07-27T05:19:00.000-07:00

Hello,, here again with me,

I got a something great wanna to shared with u buddy, its about my another silly experience, J si

lly?? Why, the first is about train, in my life this is new thing but actually these thing already really common for the person surrounding me and even they were bored, but not with me, i was so excited,, taking train, yeah,, this is the first time whole of my life taking train. Really wonderful, even though so crowded. The train called as Comuter line, route Bogor to Jakarta, and when I took onto train I was like “wowh unbelievable”, then I just trying to convince my self not to follow the euphoria and no too show

to people around me that I never take train before. First h

alf hour I'm enjoy it, and there are no empty seat, just standing up, next thirty minutes I was like so tired, then I look at the window, and i feel the train was slow, not i thought before, but i keep enjoying, take picture every moment, really silly thing.

Then almost two hours me and my friend struggle, even to brea

th need more then calories energy, suddenly we

are arrived to jakarta, our next destination is Ancol, Indonesian Biggest them park. R

eally wonderful, but to enter to the park quite expensive, at least for me, spend 105 thousand rupiah. But all my money was paid of when Im trying one by one the games equipment.

First we would like to trying Hysteria, then my heartbeat gainly fast wh

en i saw Hysteria, high almost 70 meters, and we just like throw to the air against gravitation. From 7 of us just 4 person want to try it, even though i was so scared but i have to try it, coz i have pay for it,, the Im ride on it,, the sounds of air pump make my vein distribute blood faster, then suddenly i just screaming as i can. I was throw it to the air, and one thing in my mind is when the cable broken i will be dead, from 70 meters in the air i cant saw jakarta and the sea,, really horrible, i just like want to cry but i cant, more then 1 minute shaking in the air we are down, even i cant stand up well, till today when i make this writing my head still so dazzle, but really great,

Then next is roaler coaster. Wowh,, i just feel like want to repent, and again in my head is “im die, Im die”, I was Screaming say Nooooo..........,, stop these silly Roller coaster,, really horrible, but i want it again for second time, haha

Then the other one is Arung jeram, Niagara gara, 4 dimensi

on movie, and really great.

That's my experience in my second week in Bogor,

Sincerely

Anggi

Surrounding me

2011-07-17T18:24:00.000-07:00

one early morning, i was in rush to go to campus. while the weather still so cold but I ignore it then suddenly take a bath.
hope today will be nice beginning for nice impression. one early morning when I feel everything was change, condition, life and my style, quite edge of life, but I'm trying to saying alhamdulillah every time. someone said its awesome to be here but for me its quite hard to adapt, even more I come from somewhere that not belong to any counted places, I thought so.
then when i heard the success story from my former make me more burdened. even so i must keep my places honour.
but I always trying to consider that Allah SWT know the best one for me, thank you Allah. :D

trip to bogor as well

2011-07-17T00:52:00.000-07:00

This is for the several time that I'm arrived to java island, but this one quite special coz first time I visited Bogor, rain city. From pekanbaru I leave to Jakarta using plane. Little bothering my concentration when the plane flight delay for more than 2 hours. Then exact 16.00 we leave to Jakarta. More than a hour sat in the plane before the plan landing and arrived in SHIA (Soekarno Hatta International Airport). Hmm,,, so crowded, quite dazzle anyway because so many people.

Than i find bus to bogor, not too long I'm waiting i got the bus, enter to the bus then sat in the front, and hey, behind me two tourist from European. Ha ha,, nice one, i can chat with them, nice guy, i told them to visiting somewhere, and recommend them to go to Tourism Board after we arrived in bogor. Good, so far so good,no problemo, and the problemo faced when I'm arrived on the bus station. Getting night, rain and dont know where have to go. Than im trying to find taxi, but wowh, 150 thousand, so expensive, try to get cheaper, angkot, but dont know which one. Than im using ojeg, haha,,, nice rider, not too expensive but the consequnce i was so wet coz of raining, so cold. Then im arrived in IPB campus, journey are not finished yet, next one i ve to find the rent house,, wowhs, so far away.

After 15 minutes i search it, then i got it, nice one :D

Keep open my blog to know what im doing in bogor J hehe thnz for reading fellas??

adventure

2011-07-09T01:17:00.000-07:00

This story begin on middle of april, exactly 10 april 2011, my birthday, it was so unpredictable. At that time I just arrived to pekanbaru, whereas I just trying to wake up from bad disaster that hit my life. And im trying to face the reality, like my friend said, when we patient we’ll be lucky. Then I got a phone from my lecturer that there is two young European girl will visit Riau and they need translator. Hmmm,,, and I was just like dreaming, just like Am I??

And the next day that was became true, and I said “I am”. I meet with them, gaby and hester lanting, hmmm…first time talk with two European girl make me so nervous, but I was just like confident within, and my partner andi saputra.

We meet in Harapan raya and we trying to share each other, they was so nice, glad to know them. And today when I write this blog they just come back to Europe, 6 july 2011 almost 3 months from my great experience with my second family in pulau padang.

I always miss them, when we are facing riot as our welcome party, then take bath one time a day (oh no, maybe that’s just me :P ) then we always had dinner, lunch,breakfast together, so nice.

And the bule who with me will got some bad luck, like when we do interview there were some intimidation aim to us, almost 2 hour intimidation, accusation, hmm,,, nice ha,,

But thats the rhytme of life, glad to know u all.

I love u all, great ever experience .. :D

Hope i can meet with u again, hester lanting and gaby :D sorry sist gaby, hard to write your complete name, than fault better just your nick name :D.

Thanks for giving us chance for it, chance to know who u are, life together and adventure together, crazy but great :D :D

N to gaby, until now i always hear narcotic from liquido, and that song deliver me to a great memory when we sat on the boat roof, damn crazy moment

I already download some video clip from liquido, not just me but all my friend in my rent house like it so much :D

I really hope can meet u again someday ,, I WILL :D

how to be good University student??

2011-07-07T08:11:00.001-07:00

How to be good University student??

Hy fellaas, for last day we can see unusual environment in our beloved campus, UR. Crowded by hundred even thousand new student, long queue occurring in several spot in campus. Yups, thousand teenager will starting their new life episode, being University student. So, now the question is how to be a good university student?? Check this out buddy … :D

Is university life different from school life? The answer is yes or no.As far as I concerned, university life and school life are the same. Both the demand that work hard. There are some differences. Of course, however, I prefer not to talk about similarities ordifferences. I suggest that we talk about how to be a good university student. You do agree with me, don’t you? Many people believe that a good student does not need to be one who has very high intelligence.

And I do agree with them. I see many examples of students who are smart but who are not so successful in their study. On the other hand, I see many examples of student who are not so smart, but who are quite successful! What are their secrets? I don’t think that there are such secrets. All this is common sense.

First, Plan well: quarterly, weekly, and daily. A task well planned is a task a half done. At the beginning of the semester, you will meet you academic adviser.

Second, Attend classes well. This may sound weird to you. But do attend classes. Try not to miss even one. Of course you are given 25% of the time to be absent.

Third, Be resourceful. What the teacher tells you in class is just a very small amount of the body of knowledge that you can find from various sources. The teacher’s is to open the door. You must enter by yourself. Go to the library and find books which give you more information. You must go to the library at least three times a week.

Fourth, Know yourself. Ask yourself these questions: do I like this subject or that? Am I feeling happy, or unhappy, studying this subject? Am I not very enthusiastic, Am I feeling bored, or Am I being distressed? You must be familiar with these feeling.

Fifth, Pray. Man proposes, God disposes, whatever come out your endeavors. Always thank god. There are times when you are successful and times when you fail. Even when you fail, there is always something that is good for you: blessing in disguise. Every religion has its ways for one to communicate with god.

to being an entrepreneur is right choice

2011-07-05T05:52:00.000-07:00

They say that option only knocks twice. In the enterprise entire world, even so, opportunities do not get the likelihood to knock ahead of they are shoved through the door.

You see, business owners consider itvery critically. Severe entrepreneurs do not wait for chance to come to them. They study their setting and locate the option.

Possibility counts for so considerably in the enterprise globe. Anytime you encounter an chance, you require to grasp it and submit it to your will. Business owners deal with it in different ways. Here are some views of entrepreneurs on how to get advantage of it:

1) Seduction – some entrepreneurs find opportunities to be like a woman. You require to appropriately seduce a organization possibility. You see, with one incorrect transfer, a company chance can fly out of your grasp.

Hence, you require to review the possibility. Is she mysterious? If so, what can she be hiding? What can aid you pull that chance in the direction of you?

Seduction of the company opportunity is a game of stability. You can not be as well keen or the chance will get suspicious and pull away. You are not able to be also aloof, or the company chance will go to other business owners.

You have to demonstrate that you are the suitable person to get that chance. You have to deal with it with the appropriate respect. After all, you are the entrepreneur who wants that option.

2) Prey – some entrepreneurs feel opportunities are like prey. They enjoy the thrill of hunting for a ideal organization chance and get them down for the kill. For these entrepreneurs, possibilities need to be watched out for.

These men and women observe their surroundings, hoping for any sign of it. Continual vigilance is their creed, and nothing at all can stand in the way of their success. By taking this mindset, you acquire the instinct of the hunter. You turn into quite aggressive in terms of taking it. Often, this is a good factor, leading you to your achievement.

There are occasions, nevertheless, when this mindset can lead to your downfall. Hunters frequently really like the thrill of the hunt, but neglect to consider treatment of the chance as soon as they have them in their hands. You know that you want to take treatment of every chance in order for it to be of any use to you.

3) A plant – intelligent entrepreneurs view organization it as plants. They plant the seeds of chance and nourish it to make it develop into a successful business venture.

This see of itis almost certainly the finest thinking about the truth that it truly do need to have to be taken treatment of in buy for an entrepreneur to achieve accomplishment. Acquiring the chance is just the start off of becoming an entrepreneur. In buy to gather the fruits of accomplishment, an entrepreneur really should be capable to not only get the option, but increase it.

4) Luck -Some business owners see itas fortunate coincidences or even a operate of fate. They, of course, maintain a lookout for opportunities. Nevertheless, they do not actively operate to locate some.

This Entrepreneur’s see of company option is almost certainly the most naïve in today’s world of business. As was mentioned earlier, opportunities nowadays have quite minor chance of falling into someone’s lap. By waiting for the business possibility to arrive to you, you are possibly wasting your time.

What you need to have to do is get up off that chair and start hunting at your surroundings and make the opportunity for your self. What are the positive aspects to this? Well, if you create your very own option, then you may have direct entry to it and have intimate information of how to shape it into a wonderful company venture.

One more plus to making your personal business possibility is that you will be getting a head commence. This signifies that you can neglect about the competition taking your chance and beating you to the achievement that you so predicted.

So how really should business owners watch possibilities? Nicely, the best issue you can do is get all of the distinct views and try out to balance them into your personal view. Don’t forget that different issues perform for diverse individuals. Check out not to conform oneself to other entrepreneurs’ views of it. This way, you can be at your most successful.

lets success

2011-07-05T02:30:00.001-07:00

kisah dan Kiat menjadi Miliarder Muda - Belakangan diketahui banyak sekali bermunculan Miliarder Muda dalam urutan orang terkaya di dunia, selain itu juga China punya 128 Miliarder versi Forbes. Mungkin diantara anda ada yang bertanya-tanya, apakah menjadi miliarder semakin mudah untuk saat ini?? Nah, berikut ini adalah kisah dan kiat menjadi Miliarder Muda seperti Mark Zuckerberg, Michael Dell, Catherin Cook, Sean Belnick,dll. Seperti yang ada dalam Video Trailer Film Terbaru: The Social Network yang menceritakan tentang kisah Mark Zuckerberg yang kini adalah miliarder muda versi Forbes. Siapa sangka Mark yang memulai debutnya pada usia 19 tahun lalu membuat Facebook dari asrama Harvard pada tahun 2004 ini sekarang menjadi Miliarder. Dan ia juga menjadi filantropis yang menyumbangkan US$ 10 juta untuk sekolah distrik Newark NJ. Sosok Zuckerberg yang masih muda memberi kisah yang insipiratif bagi banyak orang. Di luar Zuckerberg, sesungguhnya beberapa perguruan tinggi juga telah mencetak miliarder muda setiap tahunnya. Namun, menjadi miliarder muda tentu tak semudah membalikkan telapak tangan. Menjadi pengusaha di usia muda membutuhkan visi, kecerdasan, tekad kuat, dan sedikit keberuntungan. Berikut ini kisah para pengusaha yang memulai kariernya di bawah 25 tahun.

1. Michael Dell, Pendiri dan CEO Dell Computers. Ia memulai debutnya pada usia 19 tahun. Dell meluncurkan komputernya pada 1984 tepat sebelum putus kuliah dari University of Texas. Melalui penjualan langsung, Dell menjual komputer dengan harga lebih murah sehingga mendapatkan banyak pelanggan. Pada usia ke 24, perusahaannya meraup pendapatan US$ 258 juta. Diperkirakan kekayaan terakhirnya sebesar US$ 13,5 miliar. Saat ini ia berusia 45 tahun. Ia berpesan kepada pengusaha muda yang akan merintis usaha, "Anda harus bergairah dengan usaha itu. Lakukan yang benar-benar anda cintai dan membuat anda bersemangat," ujarnya ketika diwawancarai dengan Academy of Achievement.

2. Catherin Cook Ia adalah pendiri myyearbook.com yang memulai bisnis pada usia 18 tahun. Pada 2005, Catherine dan adiknya mendirikan situs jejaring sosial yang berfungsi seperti buku tahunan digital. Isinya, berupa gambar teman, juga mata uang virtual yang sering disebut "lunch money". Saat ini ia memiliki 20 juta anggota dan merupakan salah satu dari 25 situs web yang paling populer di AS. Saat ini ia berusia 20 tahun. Kunci yang ia pegang yaitu, "Berhenti berpikir mengenai suatu hal, namun buatlah hal itu terjadi." Menurutnya, masa-masa di usia muda adalah waktu terbaik untuk memulai bisnis sendiri. Sebab, pada saat masih muda, anda tidak mempunyai tanggung jawab seperti halnya saat anda tua. "Seandainya anda gagal sekarang, setidaknya anda telah mempunyai pengalaman pertama yang membuat anda sukses berikutnya," ujarnya.

3. Sean Belnick, pendiri BizChair.com. Ia mulai mendirikan situsnya sejak usia 16 tahun. Belnick menjual perabot bisnis online selama hampir satu dekade. Namun ia baru lulus dari Sekolah Bisnis Goizueta Univeritas Emory. Menurutnya untuk memulai sesuatu, tidak ada kata terlalu dini. Ketika berumur 14 tahun, ia menemukan banyak info di internet. "Lakukan penelitian dan temukan cara untuk melakukan apa yang ingin anda lakukan," itu sarannya.

4. Juliette Brindak, pendiri/CEO MissOandFriends.com. Perempuan yang saat ini berusia 21 tahun ini memulai usahanya pada usia 19 tahun. Meski tak mau membocorkan berapa kekayaannya pada saat menjadi jutawan, namun nilai perusahaannya mencapai US$15 juta ketika ia masih berusia 19 tahun. Pada umur 10 tahun, Brindak memulai dengan melukis kartun seorang gadis yang "keren" dan menjadi bintang di situs komunitas remaja pada 2005. Ia mempuyai saran: Carilah tim solid untuk mendukung ide anda."Jika seseorang mulai meragukan perusahaan anda, serta apa yang anda lakukan, anda harus singkirkan mereka."

5. Matt Mickiewicz, pendiri Sitepoint, 99 Deseigns and Flippa Menjadi miliarder sejak usia 22 tahun, dia meluncurkan perusahaan pertamanya pada 1998. Ia memilih media internet karena dapat menghubungkan dengan pelanggan dan bisa mendapatkan feedback langsung. Itulah yang membuatnya meluncurkan ide baru dengan biaya lebih murah. Pesannya untuk pengusaha muda: "Buatlah ide-ide dengan memberikan solusi yang tidak dipunya orang lain."

6. Jermaine Griggs, Pendiri Hear and Play Music Group Ia memulai usahanya sejak usia 23 tahun. Griggs tertarik untuk mengajar musik seperti piano, drum, melalui telinga. Lebih dari 2 juta siswa mengunduh pelajaran musik secara online itu setiap tahunnya. Griggs berencana meluncurkan pusat belajar lewat jaringan televisi dan majalah. Sarannya kepada pengusaha muda: "Pahamilah kekuatan pemasaran, tak hanya pada barang, namun diri anda sendiri dan ide anda. Pelajari bisnis sebelum anda terjun dan temukan orang yang memiliki impian dan aspirasi yang sama dengan anda"

7. David Hauser & Siamak Taghaddos, CEO Grasshopper Group Keduanya mulai menjadi jutawan ketika berumur 24 dan 25 tahun. Keduanya bertemu di Kampus Babson, dimana mereka mengembangkan sistem telephone virtual yang didesain untuk melayani wirausaha. Hauser yang membangun teknologinya dan Taghaddos mendapat bagian pemasaran. Pesan Taghaddos kepada pengusaha muda adalah "pendidikan membantu memoles jiwa wirausaha pada kita. Selalu cari peluang dalam setiap kesempatan dan tantangan dalam hidup anda. Kesuksesan adalah mencari solusi dalam setiap tantangan. Itu yang membantu anda, sedangkan uang adalah nomor dua."

8. Cameron Johnson Ia meluncurkan selusin website antara 1998-2004 sebelum menginjak usia 20 tahun, lantas menjadi jutawan sebelum lulus SMA. Sejak usia 9 tahun, ia sudah memulai perusahaan percetakan dengan membuat kartu ucapan dari rumahnya. Pada usia 12 tahun, ia membukukan pendapatan US$50 juta dengan cara menjual koleksi Beanie Baby milik adiknya. Ia dianggap sebagai ikon pengusaha di Jepang dan sebutan "Beat Bos" dalam suat acara BBC. Namun, saat ini ia fokus menjadi penulis dan menjadi dosen tamu. Sarannya bagi pengusaha muda: "Tempatkan dirimu di luar sana. Mulailah sesuatu dari yang kecil. Semakin anda menekan biaya awal, maka semakin mudah mendapatkan keuntungan. Beri nilai tambah bagi orang lain dan anda akan dihargai."

face the problem

2011-07-04T19:07:00.001-07:00

here i am,, quite morning, silent in the beginning of war. trying to understand people shout surrounding me,, hear carefully what they talk.

sometimes the slander they throw me really hurt my self but i was just like always to know them.

one middle night when i got so many call that im not able to answer it coz i feel scared to know who they are. people scattered all day coz me, other side they were cozy coz talking about my bad to other person

the only one that i able to share just to the lord, great lord, mom and dad as well

untuk teman teman dan saudaraku yang menganggap ini adalah keahlian kalian, belajarlah berfikir jernih, jangan terus fikiran kalian di dera oleh ketidakpastian dan belenggu yang menghancurkan kalian.

hidup adalah pilihan bung, jangan pernah anda salah memilih

PEAT LAND

2011-06-22T10:49:00.000-07:00

Konbanha sensei Haris, genki desuka??

Please to recheck the sentence and the grammar sir,, the other one i gave to bro andi,, and i said to him to send it to you directly

Translated by Anggi Romadhoni

Extent and Distribution of Peatlands in Indonesia

The Peat land area is more than half the wetland area in the world (Andriesse, 1998). The oldest Information about the presence of peat in Indonesia, was reported by John Andersen in 1794 in Riau, Sumatra island's east coast (Soepraptohardjo and Driessen, 1976). Indonesia is in the fourth places country for peat swamp area with the total approximately 20 million ha, after Canada (170 million ha), USSR (150 million ha), and the United States (40 million ha). However, from various reports, it turns out land peat in Indonesia vary widely, between 13.5 to 26.5 million ha (an average of 20 million ha) (Suryadiputra and Lubis, 2007, Page, 2007). Immirzi & Maltby (1992) stated that total of tropical peatlands is 30-49 million ha. Thus, Indonesia is countries with the largest area of tropical peatlands in the world.

On the Sumatera island, the spread of peatlands are generally found in plains low along the east coast with the total area about 7.2 million ha. From that area, land classified as peat soils with the thickness> 50 cm is 6,876,372 ha and peat very deep (> 400 cm) with total area 2225 million ha.

Riau Province has the largest peatland compared to the other provinces in the Sumatra island. Extensive peatlands in Riau Province is 4044 million ha or 56.1% of the total area of peatlands in Sumatra (Suryadiputra and Lubis, 2007).

The Integrity of peatlands are being threatened, where the majority has changed (Converted). Extensive peat swamp forests are estimated already reduced for 3 million hectares of total area of peat swamp forest in Indonesia (Noor and Suryadiputra, 2004). The remaining peat swamp forests of Sumatra and the largest intact area estimated 1 million Ha, whereas located along Throughout the Riau Kampar River.

Value and Benefits of Peat Swamp

Peat swamp forests more important then the other thelowland forest. The significant amounts of Endemic tree species also found in in the region of peat swamp forest, besides also important habitat for manyspecies of trees and endangered species (Rieley & Page 1997).

Besides that the type of those forest also being water catchment area (Boelter 1964 cit
Rielley et al, 1994). Peatlands serve as aquifers by absorbing and periodically storing water while rainy season and releasing itslowly back when the dry season and thus helping to reduce flood hazards and supply water in dry season (Andriesse, 1988 cit Rieley et al,1999)

(Figure 1).

Suryadiputra and Lubis (2007) have made a more detailedexplanation about the value and benefits of peatlands

Category	Description
Direct using
Fishery	Waters in peatlands is the habitat for various types of special freshwater fish which having commercial value, fish such as cork Chana sp, Sepat Trichogaster sp, catfish Clarias sp. fishery in peatlands potentially as the source for livelihoods for communities surrounding
Transportation	River flows in peatlands is the main transport way for surrounding communities.
Forest resources	Although the extent of peat swamp forest reducing rapidly, many kind of forest crop such as like timber and non timber has long been used and giving contribution to the economy for local community. The certain Commercial timber species whereas have high economic value between Other: such as Ramin (Gonystylus spp), Jelutung (Dyera sp) and meranti (Shorea spp)
Climate stabilization
Sequestration (carbon chain)	The good condition of Peat swamp forests able to actively accumulate carbon, so it can then reduce the influence of greenhouse gases
Carbon storage	The peat can store carbon in a very large number. The damage peatlands which caused by burning and drying of peat will spur of carbon emissions in an amount very large as well. during the fires in Indonesia in 1997, estimated to be between 0.81 to 2.57 Gigatonnes carbon is released into the atmosphere. That amoount is equivalent to 13-40% of the average annual global carbon emissions that come from fossil fuels.
Climate setting	The presence of peat swamp forest in very large number and wide were influenced to microclimate. In addition vegetation peat swamp forests may serve as wind breaker and heat shock.
Educational and research	The existence uniqueness of the attribute function in peatlands, would constitute an interesting subject for study of various disciplines at once can used as a vehicle for education.
Socio-cultural values	For certain communities, swamp peat forests is a typically places, unique and has an important role in their lives

Global Warming

Peatland is a places for carbon hoard that already happen for thousands of years. The wrong Utilization of peatlands causing the disruption balance the carbon budget. The release of carbon (carbon release) to be more faster then carbon sequestration (carbon sinks). The development of peatlands through drainage made an oxidative atmosphere, and giving an inputs to overcome constraints soil acidity and fertility of the more stimulating than the activity of soil microbiology to make reforms peat. Decomposition of peat will release the carbon dioxide gas and methane as the final result.

Emission of carbon dioxide and methane gas is a part of greenhouse gas (Greenhouse gases) that can damage the ozone layer so as to accelerate global warming (global warming). Magnitude of consequences caused by the wrong practicing and using peatlands in the past, at least become food for thought for the next utilization to be more sensible and sustainable in the future. Obviously we do not want the planet to be as illustrated in the film The Day After Tomorrow, a film that dramatized the small end of the world, due to
global warming. Increased global temperatures trigger climate anomalies, and the giant hurricane tsunami a few tens of meters spilled to the land, hail in large chunks, the tidal not on the right cycle (Barchia, 2006)

The joint efforts of the international community do to reduce the rate of
carbon emissions with the plans to hold the meeting in Bali on December this year, at least to give an expectation for more friendly life for the planet environment.

Appointed Indonesia to being the host for this big event international climate change community meeting be an important step to show seriousness we as a nation to having cooperation in an effort to reduce global warming. This important because Indonesia was accused of contributing carbon emissions rank third in the world.

proposalku

2011-06-08T18:53:00.000-07:00

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1.LATAR BELAKANG

Cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L) merupakan suatu komoditas sayuran yang sangat primer untuk masyarakat Riau, karena berhubungan dengan kebudayaan yang memaksa cabai harus selalu tersedia di Riau, namun kondisi lahan Riau yang kurang menguntungkan dimana saat ini sekitar 4,04 juta Ha areal lahan pertanian Riau di cover oleh gambut (base on CTPRC) sehingga dibutuhkan penggunaan varitas yang unggul dan adapt dengan kondisi lahan dan agroklimat sekitar. Cabai termasuk ke dalam tanaman hortikultura kelompok sayuran buah. Berdasarkan data statistik yang dikeluarkan oleh Ditjen Hortikultura (2009), pada tahun 2008 total areal pertanaman sayuran Indonesia sebesar 990,915 ha dan 20.46% di antaranya ditanami komoditas cabai. Meskipun demikian, rata-rata produktivitas cabai di Indonesia tahun 2008 baru mencapai 5.36 ton ha-1, sedangkan menurut Bahar dan Nugrahaeni (2008) potensi hasil yang dapat dicapai adalah 17–21 ton ha-1. Faktor penyebab rendahnya produktivitas cabai di Indonesia di antaranya belum banyak menggunakan varietas berdaya hasil tinggi (hibrida) dengan kualitas benih bermutu serta serangan hama penyakit. Salah satu kegiatan dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas adalah perakitan varietas hibrida.

Berdasarkan data yang berhasil penulis himpun permintaan akan cabai terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun seiring dengan semakin membaikya tingkat ekonomi dan permintaan konsumsi akan cabai serta didukung oleh pertumbuhan penduduk, dimana Berdasarkan pernyataan dari Kepala Dinas Pertanian kota Pekanbaru di Riau Pos, 2011 konsumsi cabai di Pekanbaru mencapai 2,6 ton//hari petani cabai di Pekanbaru baru mampu menghasilkan 1,9 ton sisanya didatangkan dari Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat dan Jawa.

Indonesia mempunyai ekosistem hutan gambut terluas di Negara tropis yaitu lebih 27 Juta Ha. Sebagian tersebar di Pulau Sumatera (luas lebih 8,3 juta ha), Kalimantan (luas kira-kira 6,8 juta ha) dan Papua Barat (luas kira-kira 4,6 juta ha) (Radjaguguk 1992; RePPProT 1990, Rieley et al. 1996 a, b; Rieley 2007 Yonebayashi et al 1997; RePPProT, 1998). Sedangkan sebaran terluas ekosistem ini di Pulau Sumatera, yaitu kira-kira 4,04 Juta Ha terdapat di Propinsi Riau (Wahyunto et al 2005; WIP 2005). Riau merupakan salah satu propinsi yang memiliki lahan gambut cukup luas, total luas lahan gambut mencapai 4.827.927 ha (51,06 %) atau seperdua dari luas lahan pertanian yang ada, sebagian besar lahan gambut tersebar di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Bengkalis dan Siak (Distan Riau, 2002).

Dari masalah lahan telah sangat jelas bagaimana ketika lahan menjadi faktor pembatas dalam pembudidayaan cabai. Selain itu kurangnya pengetahuan petani akan pembudidayaan cabai yang baik dan benar yang sesuai dengan keadaan agroklimat setempat juga sangat berpengaruh dalam input cabai di Riau. Selanjutnya untuk masalah kurangnya bibit unggul juga ditambah bahwa bibit tersebut yang tidak cocok untuk kondisi lahan Riau menjadi masalah penting lainnya dalam pengembangan dan budidaya cabai.

Salah satu cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk meningkatkan jumlah produksi cabai adalah dengan melakukan pemuliaan tanaman dimana dengan melakukan pemuliaan tanaman kita bisa melihat dan menyeleksi untuk memisahkan berdasarkan karakter karakte yang baik yang dianggap mampu tumbuh dengan baik dilahan marjinal seperti lahan gambut. Menurut (Moeljopawiro, 2002) disebutkan bahwa Salah satu tahapan yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan pemuliaan adalah seleksi untuk memisahkan individu-individu yang memiliki karakter yang diharapkan. Seleksi pada umumnya menggunakan karakter visual yang tampak secara langsung. Namun seleksi ini dianggap tidak efisien dibandingkan dengan seleksi secara tidak langsung (simultan). Perakitan varietas cabai unggul toleran lahan gambut dapat dilakukan melalui hibridisasi dan seleksi. Hibridisasi diperlukan untuk mengintrogresikan gen pengendali sifat toleransi ke tetua unggul. Sedangkan seleksi diperlukan untuk memilih genotipe yang diinginkan dalam populasi bersegregasi keturunan hasil hibridisasi. Keakuratan dalam menentukan metode seleksi akan sangat menentukan keberhasilan perakitan tanaman.

1.2 Tujuan penelitian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga parameter genetik, variabilitas dan heritabilitas beberapa karakter agronomi genotipe cabai untuk mendapatkan kriteria seleksi cabai berdaya hasil tinggi serta mencari genotipe yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi.

1.3. Hipotesis

1. Terdapat satu atau lebih karakter yang memiliki variabilitas yang luas, heritabilitas dan korelasi dengan daya hasil yang tinggi, yang dapat dijadikan kriteria seleksi.

2. Terdapat satu atau lebih genotipe cabai berdaya hasil tinggi.

1.1 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

Menurut Purseglove et al. (1981) cabai ditemukan pertama kali oleh Columbus pada saat menjelajahi Dunia Baru. Tanaman cabai hidup pada daerah tropis dan wilayah dengan suhu yang hangat. Selang beberapa lama, tanaman cabai menyebar sangat luas hingga ke daerah Karibian, Meksiko, Amerika Tengah dan Amerika Selatan. Rubatzky dan Yamaguchi (1999) menambahkan bahwa pedagang Spanyol dan Portugis berperan dalam penyebaran cabai ke seluruh dunia. Salah satu spesies cabai yang banyak digunakan adalah Capsicum annuum L. Spesies ini memiliki buah manis dan pedas dengan berbagai bentuk dan ukuran. Spesies ini berasal dari Meksiko dan menyebar ke daerah Amerika Selatan. Sampai saat ini, spesies C. annuum telah tersebar di daerah tropis dan subtropis.

Botani Tanaman Cabai

Wiryanta (2002) menyatakan tanaman cabai termasuk ke dalam kingdom Plantae, divisi Spermatophyta, subdivisi Angiospermae, kelas Dicotyledoneae, ordo Solanales, Famili Solanaceae, dan genus Capsicum. Menurut Rubatzky dan Yamaguchi (1999) terdapat sekitar 20-30 spesies dalam genus Capsicum yang telah dibudidayakan oleh manusia. Spesies domestifikasi yang dikenal, yaitu C. annuum, C. pubescens, C. chinenses, C. baccatum, dan C. frutescens. C. annuum L. merupakan spesies yang paling luas dibudidayakan dan bernilai ekonomis yang tinggi.

Rubatzky dan Yamaguchi (1999) menyatakan bahwa tanaman cabai termasuk ke dalam tanaman herba yang berbentuk semak dan sebagian besar menjadi berkayu pada bagian pangkal batangnya. Tanaman cabai merupakan tanaman tropika yang biasanya ditanam sebagai tanaman setahun. Tanaman ini memiliki batang yang tegak dengan tinggi batang berkisar antara 45-100 cm. Tangkai daunnya horisontal dengan bentuk lanset dan ujungnya agak rucing. Daun cabai bertipe daun tunggal dan tipis dengan ukuran yang bervariasi serta memiliki helaian daun berbentuk lanset dan bulat telur lebar. Prajnanta (2007) menyatakan struktur perakaran tanaman cabai diawali dari akar tunggang yang sangat kuat yang terdiri atas akar utama (primer) dan lateral (sekunder). Akar tersier merupakan serabut-serabut akar yang keluar dari akar lateral. Panjang akar primer sekitar 35-50 cm dan akar lateral sekitar 35-45 cm.

Menurut Wiryanta (2002) bunga cabai merupakan bunga berkelamin dua karena benang sari dan putik terdapat dalam satu tangkai. Bunga cabai digolongkan ke dalam bunga lengkap karena terdiri atas mahkota, kelopak, benang sari, dan putik. Menurut Purseglove et al. (1981) mahkota bunga terdiri dari 5-6 helai dengan warna putih susu. Kelopak bunga berjumlah enam helai berwarna kehijauan. Kepala putik berwarna kekuning-kuningan dengan tangkai putik berwarna putih yang memiliki panjang sekitar 0.5 cm.. Dalam satu bunga terdapat sekitar 5-7 benang sari dengan panjang tangkai sekitar 0.5 cm.

Tanaman cabai memiliki bentuk dan ukuran buah yang beraneka ragam tergantung dari spesiesnya. Permukaan kulit dan warna buah cabai mempunyai variasi dari halus hingga bergelombang, mengkilat hingga kusam, hijau, kuning, ungu pada waktu muda, dan berubah menjadi merah pada saat buah telah masak. Warna hijau pada buah cabai adalah akibat klorofil, sedangkan warna merah dan kuning disebabkan oleh adanya karotenoid (Rubatzy dan Yamaguchi, 1999)

Syarat Tumbuh

McGillivray (1961) tanaman cabai dapat tumbuh dengan baik di daerah dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah. Tanaman cabai dapat tumbuh pada berbagai jenis tanah, asalkan mempunyai drainase dan aerasi yang baik. Sedangkan Rubatzky dan Yamaguchi (1999) berpendapat bahwa tanah yang paling ideal untuk tanaman cabai adalah tanah yang mengandung cukup bahan organik dan mempunyai pH sekitar 6.0-6.5. Keadaan pH sangat penting karena erat kaitannya dengan unsur hara yang terkandung didalam tanah tersebut. Wiryanta (2002) menambahkan tanah yang terlalu asam, selain menghambat penyerapan unsure hara oleh tanaman, juga dikhawatirkan mengundang cendawan Rhizoctonia sp. Dan Phytium sp. Karena kedua cendawan tersebut berkembang biak di tanah asam. Pengapuran dilakukan apabila pH tanah kurang dari 6.0.

Rubatzky dan Yamaguchi (1999) menyatakan suhu udara yang paling cocok untuk pertumbuhan cabai rata-rata adalah 16 ^oC pada malam hari dan 23 ^oC pada siang hari. Tanaman cabai membutuhkan curah hujan sekitar 600-1 200 mm/tahun untuk pertumbuhannya. Tanaman cabai tidak menginginkan curah hujan yang tinggi atau iklim yang basah, karena tanaman akan dengan mudah terserang penyakit.

Pemuliaan Tanaman Cabai

Menurut Syukur et al. (2009) menyatakan bahwa tanaman dibedakan ke dalam dua jenis penyerbukan, yaitu tanaman menyerbuk sendiri sendiri dan tanaman menyerbuk silang. Tanaman cabai termasuk ke dalam tanaman menyerbuk sendiri. Namun, peluang tanaman cabai untuk menyerbuk silang mencapai 35%. Sifat penyerbukan inilah yang menentukan metode pemuliaan tanaman yang akan dilaksanakan. Metode seleksi pada tanaman menyerbuk sendiri berbeda dengan metode seleksi pada tanaman menyerbuk silang. Metode seleksi yang sering digunakan pada tanaman menyerbuk sendiri adalah pedigree, bulk, backcross, dan single seed descent. Seleksi ini digunakan untuk memilih tanaman yang akan dijadikan tetua. Menurut Allard (1960), jika tidak ditemukan varietas komersial yang sesuai dikarenakan sifat agronomi tanaman tersebut, yang biasa digunakan adalah metode backcross atau pedigree atau bulk.

Pemuliaan tanaman pada tanaman cabai diawali dari kegiatan koleksi dari berbagai genotipe, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi dari genotipe tersebut. Hasil identifikasi tersebut dijadikan acuan untuk melakukan proses kegiatan pemuliaan selanjutnya yang akhirnya mendapatkan genotipe terbaik untuk dikembangkan sesuai dengan tujuan yang diinginkan (Syukur et al., 2009).

Tujuan dari pemuliaan tanaman cabai adalah untuk memperbaiki daya hasil dan memperbaiki resistensi terhadap penyakit. Pemuliaan tanaman untuk memperbaiki daya hasil cukup lama untuk dilakukan karena karakter daya hasil dipengaruhi dan dikendalikan oleh banyak gen. Sehingga diperlukan pula perbaikan karakter-karakter kuantitatif yang lain untuk meningkatkan daya hasilnya (Syukur et al., 2009).

III. BAHAN DAN METODE

3.1. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) Leuwikopo Darmaga, berlangsung mulai dari bulan Juni sampai dengan bulan September 2011.

3.2. Bahan dan Alat

Bahan tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 genotipe tanaman cabai koleksi IPB. Materi yang digunakan adalah 20 genotipe cabai dari spesies Capsicum annuum koleksi Tim Pemuliaan Cabai IPB, galur-galur introduksi dari AVRDC, dan nomor-nomor lokal yang telah digalurkan. Daftar galur yang digunakan dapat dilihat pada Tabel.

Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap teracak faktor tunggal dengan 3 ulangan, masing-masing satuan percobaan terdiri atas 20 tanaman.

Tabel . Daftar genotipe cabai yang digunakan

No	Nama Genotipe	Keterangan
1.	IPB C2	Semi Keriting
2.	IPB C5	Besar
3.	IPB C110	Keriting
4.	IPB C111	Keriting
5.	IPB C117	Keriting
6.	IPB C118	Keriting
7.	IPB C120	Keriting
8.	IPB C140	Keriting
9.	IPB C51	Keriting
10.	IPB C148	Keriting
11.	IPB C149	Keriting
12.	IPB C157	Keriting
13.	IPB C159	Keriting
14	IPB C108	Keriting
15.	IPB C49	Keriting
16.	IPB C10	Rawit
17.	IPB C19	Besar
18.	IPB C18	Besar
19.	IPB C143	Besar
20.	IPB C145	Rawit

Peubah yang diamati terdiri atas peubah kualitatif dan peubah kuantitatif, mengacu pada Descriptors for Capsicum (IPGRI, 1995) yaitu :

1. Warna batang (A1) : 1 hijau; 2 hijau dengan garis ungu; 3 ungu; 4 lainnya

2. Bentuk batang (A2) : 1 cylindrical; 2 angled; 3 flattened

3. Bulu pada batang (A3) : 3 jarang; 5 sedang; 7 rapat (Gambar 2)

Gambar 2. Bulu pada Batang Cabai

4. Tipe pertumbuhan tanaman (A4) : 3 prostate; 5 intermediate; 7 erect;
9 lainnya (Gambar 3)

Gambar 3. Tipe Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai

5. Warna daun (A5) : 1 kuning; 2 hijau muda; 3 hijau; 4 hijau tua; 5 ungu muda;
6 ungu; 7 variegata; 8 lainnya

6. Bentuk daun (A6) : 1 deltoid; 2 ovate; 3 lanceolate (Gambar 4)

Gambar 4. Bentuk Daun Cabai

7. Jumlah bunga per axil (B1)

8. Posisi bunga (B2) : 3 pendant; 5 intermediate; 7 erect (Gambar 5)

Gambar 5. Posisi Bunga Cabai

9. Warna mahkota (B3) : 1 putih; 2 kuning muda; 3 kuning; 4 kuning kehijauan;
5 ungu dengan dasar putih; 6 putih dengan dasar ungu; 7 putih dengan tepi ungu; 8 ungu; 9 lainnya

10. Warna semburat mahkota (B4) : 1 putih; 2 kuning; 3 hijau kekuningan;
4 hijau; 5 ungu; 6 lainnya

11. Bentuk mahkota bunga (B5) : 1. rotate

12. Warna anter (B6) : 1 putih; 2 kuning; 3 agak biru; 4 biru; 5 ungu; 6 lainnya

13. Warna tangkai sari (B7) : 1 putih; 2 kuning; 3 hijau; 4 biru; 5 ungu muda;
6 ungu; 7 lainnya

14. Bentuk tepi kelopak (B8) : 1 entire; 2 intermediate; 3 dentate; 4 lainnya (Gambar 6)

15. Warna buah fase intermediet (C1) : 1 putih; 2 kuning; 3 hijau; 4 jingga;
5 ungu; 6 ungu tua; 7 lainnya

Gambar 6. Bentuk Tipe Kelopak Cabai

16. Warna buah matang (C2) : 1 putih; 2 kekuningan; 3 jingga kekuningan muda ;
4 jingga kekuningan; 5 jingga muda; 6 jingga; 7 merah muda; 8 merah;
9 merah tua; 10 ungu; 11 coklat; 12 hitam; 13 lainnya

17. Bentuk buah (C3) : 1 elongate; 2 almost round; 3 triangular; 4 campanulate;
5 blocky; 6 lainnya (Gambar 7)

Gambar 7. Bentuk Buah Cabai

18. Bentuk pangkal buah (C4) : 1 acute; 2 obtuse; 3 truncate; 4 cordate; lobate (Gambar 8)

Gambar 8. Bentuk Pangkal Buah Cabai

19. Lekukan di pangkal buah (C5) : 0 tidak ada; 1 ada (Gambar 9)

Gambar 9. Lekukan di Pangkal Buah Cabai

20. Bentuk ujung buah (C6) : 1 pointed; 2 blunt; 3 sunken; 4 sunken and pointed;
5 lainnya (Gambar 11)

Gambar 11. Bentuk Ujung Buah

21. Struktur ujung buah (C7) : 0 tidak ada; 1 ada (Gambar 10)

Gambar 10. Struktur Ujung Buah

22. Permukaan kulit buah (C8) : 1 smooth; 2 semiwrinkled; 3 wrinkled

Untuk memperoleh pola pengelompokan dan keragaman antar genotipe, data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principle Component Analysis atau PCA) dan Analisis Gerombol (Cluster Analysis) menggunakan software SPSS versi 11.5.

Informasi tentang hubungan kekerabatan akan digunakan sebagai dasar dalam rekomendasi tetua yang akan digunakan dalam pembentukan populasi studi pewarisan. Jika terdapat beberapa genotipe yang dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat tetua, akan dipilih genotipe yang lebih ekstrim, hubungan genetiknya lebih jauh namun dalam sedapat mungkin dalam spesies yang sama, serta lebih mudah dalam persilangan.

Bahan lain yang digunakan adalah media semai komersial steril, pupuk kandang, basamit, pupuk NPK Mutiara, Gandasil B, Gandasil D, Curacron, Antracol, pupuk kandang, kapur, dan karbofuran.

Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah MPHP (Mulsa Plastik Hitam Perak), tray semai, cangkul, sprayer, gembor, tali, alat pelubang mulsa (cemplong), gunting dan alat tulis.

Tujuan kegiatan penelitian ini adalah (1) menguji tingkat toleransi genotipe-genotipe cabai koleksi terhadap lahan gambut, (2) mendapatkan tetua donor untuk introgresi gen toleransi, pembentukan populasi untuk silang dialel dan studi pewarisan.

Peubah yang diamati sama dengan percobaan seleksi daya hasil. Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak faktor tunggal dengan 3 ulangan, masing-masing satuan percobaan terdiri atas 20 tanaman. Model matematis rancangan yang digunakan adalah:

Y_ij = m + a _i+ b_j+ e _ij i = 1,2,3,……20

j = 1,2,3

dimana:

Y_ij = nilai peubah yang diamati

m = nilai tengah populasi

a _i = pengaruh genotipe cabai ke-i

b_j = pengaruh kelompok ke-j

e _ij = pengaruh galat percobaan genotipe cabai ke-i kelompok ke-j

Pada data yang diperoleh dilakukan analisis ragam dengan fasilitas SAS 9. Jika uji F nyata dilakukan uji lanjut DMRT taraf 5%.

Pemilihan Penanda Dan/Atau Kriteria Seleksi Untuk Perakitan Cabai Unggul Toleran Gambut

Kegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh penanda dan/atau kriteria seleksi yang akan digunakan untuk perakitan cabai unggul toleran intensitas gambut. Materi yang digunakan adalah 20 genotipe cabai yang sama dengaan percobaan seleksi di lahan optimal.

Peubah yang diamati terdiri dari peubah morfologi. Peubah morfologi yang diamati sama dengan pengamatan pada percobaan karakterisasi ditambah pengamatan pada percobaan seleksi daya hasil.

Data yang diperoleh di lingkungan optimal dan di lahan gambut diolah dengan analisis ragam gabungan menggunakan fasilitas SAS 9. Jika uji F nyata dilakukan uji lanjut DMRT taraf 5%. Koefisien korelasi Pearson digunakan untuk menguji keterkaitan peubah yang diamati dengan toleransi terhadap lahan gambut, koefisien lintas digunakan untuk memilih karakter yang paling berkaitan dengan toleransi (Hanarida et al, 1989).

semangat baru

2010-08-20T07:32:00.000-07:00

adalah waktu dimana sehabis sholat ashar, di kampus tercinta,, duduk depan pintu mencoba menenangkan diri karena akan ada sebuah pertemuan, dan aku sendiri belum merasakan istirahat sejak jam 8 pagi. ini adalah tanggal 19 agustus 2010, bulan dimana saya dan bermilliar umat muslim berpuasa, menahan nafsu, lapar, dahaga. then suddenly ada pembantu dekan, yang selama ini selalu mensupport aku dalam setiap langkah, selain orang tua ku tentunya. seperti biasa kami mengobrol dalam bahasa inggris, kami berbicara tentang sesuatu yang sememangnya sangat menarik untuk dibahas. tiba tiba beliau mengatakan, i have to be the next leader (governor) for this faculty,, terperangah,, how can he said to me like that,, ive no experience at all,, but the most interesting adalah tentang bisnis yang akan saya lakukan, yaitu aloe vera,, ada sebuah kesempatan yang sangat terbuka lebar untuk saya, karena kemungkinan besar akan dibiayai. sip dah,,, new day for me,,,

amin

confused

2010-04-09T08:09:00.000-07:00

ketika ku coba menereangkan mentari hati ini
dengan semua dan upaya yang kupunya
masalah ini adalah masalahnya dia,, juga
respect each other,, can u stilldo it????
um tired with this all,,,
u have do it to me............. stop it....

fixed the time

2010-04-03T02:04:00.000-07:00

some time i feel so bored and so annoying,, and if those thing happen to me i will just trying to enjoying the problem i face.

now is 4 July 2011, Im trying to hold my seminar even though i don't know anything at all, but on the same time i was just like dazzle person doesn't have any aim on it. im trying to understand the real situation but Its getting hard.
whereas all my mark got E for this semester coz my fault not to care on it
i was so regret but life must go on

haha
and now i was trying to arrange my new life without anything obstructed me, my new life with smooth smile always stick on my face,
i love my life, did u too buddy??

Beach

2010-03-27T00:00:00.000-07:00

this is,,, the nicest beach in Bengkalis island,,,,, part of riau, are u not proud within.. tempat dimana yong dolah pernah pergi ke irak dan ikut perang teluk, waw,, thats alsome...

new comer

2010-03-26T23:39:00.000-07:00

hmm,,,, hot day,,,, tiny time,,,, tightly schedule,,,but try to share and sacrified for this thing,,, i hope so much with this training,,,, coz,,, i wanna know more about blog world..... please help me when what i done falls,,, or,, not too god in your eye's

facebook

2010-03-26T21:02:00.000-07:00

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